1906 January Footnotes

[1] Guignol is the main character in a French puppet show which has come to bear his name. It represents the workers in the silk industry of France. Although often thought of as children’s entertainment, Guignol’s sharp wit and linguistic verve have always been appreciated by adults as well.

[2] Pierre Loti (pseudonym of Louis Marie-Julien Viaud; 1850 – 1923) was a French naval officer and novelist, known for his exotic novels and short stories.

[3] William Dean Howells (1837 – 1920) was an American realist novelist, literary critic, and playwright, nicknamed “The Dean of American Letters”. Published 1875.

[4] Cimiez  is an upper class neighbourhood in Nice. The area contains the Musée Matisse and the ruins of Cemenelum, capital of the Ancient Roman province Alpes Maritimae on the Ligurian coast. The ruins include an arena, amphitheater, thermal baths, and paleochristian basilica.

[5] Villefranche-sur-Mer is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region on the French Riviera and is located near the French-Italian border next to the Principality of Monaco.

[6] Sigurd is an opera in four acts and nine scenes by the French composer Ernest Reyer on a libretto by Camille du Locle and Alfred Blau. Like Wagner’s Ring of the Nibelung, the whole opera can best be described as an epic with techniques of the grand opera.

[7] Menton is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region on the French Riviera, close to the Italian border.

[8] La Turbie was famous in Roman times for the large monument, the Trophy of Augustus, that Augustus made to celebrate his victory over the Ligurian tribes of the area. During the Middle Ages, the village (called then Turbia) was mainly under the dominion of the Republic of Genoa. Dante wrote in his Divina Commedia that Turbia was the western limit of the Italian Liguria.

[9] The Mountain Climber – A play (farce) written by C. Kraatz and M. Neal.  The Little Father of the Wilderness – A one-act play set in France during Louis XV’s reign – written by Austin Strong and Lloyd Osbourne.